Distance determining instrument



Oct. 6, 1931. J, SZABO 1,826,582

DISTANCE DETERMINING INSTRUMENT Filed Jan. 7. 1931 3 Sheets-Sheet l 44 32 41 W I 41 59 7Z INVEN TOR k lsep dzao 5 TTORNE Y Oct. 6, 1931. J. SZABO 1,826,582

DISTANCE DETERMINING INSTRUMENT Filed Jan. 7, 1951 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENT OR BY pizzczo Oct. 6, 1931. J. SZABO 1,826,532

DISTANCE DETERMINING 'INSTRUHENT Filed Jan. 7. 1951 s Sheets-Sheet s HIIIIIIH mcf 'IIIIII 39 INVENTOR 50 BY J65 epk 5za6o I ...........,1..,3.I T I 1,826,582

STATES PATENT. omen] I JbsjEPn szA o, orlnszronm; NEW Yonx i 1 nis'iiANcE DETERMINING INSTRUMENT iApplic atio'n. filed l'anuary 7,1931. seriai not 507,087...

g [Thisj i'mfenapi {rel te to new and useful it is proposed to provide a means .for simul I improvements inauis'qa nce. deterininingintaneously moving. said shutters apart and together which makes "use of a knobfon' the "has for an. object the provi-- outer. side of the casing connected with a strunient. I

The inventi'o Whichis characterized pair of shutters slides; n I

ina .plane at right angles tolthe axis of a Another object'of this. invention is to provisor supported the small-endof a tapered vicle a drive system from said pinion to the 3:1. casing forming'a dark chamber and located small end of the casing so that adjustments 1 immediately adjacent a window glass in the may be made from this en largeeud of the casing which. has vertical and Furtheniit'is proposed to provide ameans horizontal hair lines crossing 1 on the line of for accurately indicating Separated positions the axis of said visor; said pair of shutters of said-shuttersfor obtaining a factor which i being arranged so asto'be ca-pable of assum is'fto bemultipliedby the Width of an object i-ng positions with adjacent edges on the verviewedthrough said visor and measured ed 5 tical hair line when viewed through thevisor, by the positions of the shutters for obtain,-

means for simultaneously movingsaid shut} ingthedistance of said object to the visor,

ters apart and together, and means for acwhich particularly makes use of a scaleon curately indicating separated positions, of the knobarrangedadjacent' a vernier. "As a said shuttersforohtainingajfactorwhichis further object it:is proposed to provide a 7 to be"multiplied by: the width of an object shield for thevisor capable of adjustments to r ingthe distance of saidobject to said visor. for viewing objects eliminated to vdiiferent r33 A still further objectof thisinve'ntion'is dgreesj viewed'through "said visor and-measured ofl obstruct the view with different densities of by the positions of said shutters for" obtain colored glass so that adjustments may be made to include} in the visoratelescopic construc- It is Still :turtherproposed to arrange tion'so as to adapt it for focusing. V v tahleson the outsideof the casing for help As {astill further objectfof this invention in obtaining the factors above mentioned it is 'proposedtopivotally support the cas'-" without the necessity of figuring.

I ing,-tolattachasector scale on-the casing-act I .As a still further object of this invention V "ingover a fixedsca-leso'as to indicate deviait is proposed to construct a device of the tions from the, horizontal. The casing can beclassmentionedl which is of simple durable pivotally adjusted soils to align the horizonconstruction, dependable in. use and efficient tal hairlineon the window pane -before the in action, and which can be manufactured -"T'reading ofjth'e: deviation istakenand sold ata reasonable cost.

It is a still furtherobject of this inventio V For, further comprehension of the invento supportthe casing substantially horizontal tion, andof the objects and advantages thereupon a'tripod structure. 3 Further, a clamp of, reference will. he had to the following should be arranged on the tripod forholding description and accompanying drawings, and

' the casing in. various axialpositions uponthe to'the appended claims in which the various o f thetripod. novel features of the invention are more pare ltfis a still further-object ofthisinventioni ticularly set forth. v

' to arrange. sidewings upon theijcasing to Infthe accompanying drawings forming a form compartments for the housing of'the material partof this disclosure utteiswhen moved completely upwards. Fig. 'l isa sideelevational view of adevice 9 As afurther object ,of'this invention it is constructed according to this invention.

proposed; to arrange slides within the cas Fig. 2 is an endelevational view of Fig.1. "ing and side wings and'supportingsaid shut- Fig. 3; is a planview of Fig. 1. v I ijters-to'allow movements". 5 v Fig. 4c-is an enlarged sectional view taken. 5 As a, still further object of this invention onthe line 4. 4 of Fig. 3. V 1

sion of a distance.determininginstrument pinion; acting against rack teeth on said 5 1 l-o c anglefatv which th'exc up is turned may be shutters 85; or ifth knob 52 isturned for the :same reason, there will be a change of the reading indicating the positions of. the; shut- ;A table .55 is marked upon one of the sides 7 of the casing 10, namely the top side, for use in obtaining the factor without tlie'necessity of'complicated figuring. :This table is shown divided into colu'mns'comp'osed of afrontline oi index members 56 andanadjacent line of factor; numbers 57. I For-example, if the scale 530i the vernierindicatfes numeral 9, then referring to scale the factor whicliis desired is number 333. Al hisfactor is'so figured out that when it is multiplied by the width of the objectbeing viewed thedesired distance will be'given, The casing 10 isuniversally supported in a manner very similar to the various surveying instruments now on the market.

More-particularly, trunnions with knobs 5 project from opposite sides of the casing and rotatively engage in "strips: supported upon side arms 591 A transverse ha r 60 serves to connect the slde arms 59,. Withthe casing 10.

The side arms 59'are'r'igidily' attached upon tliebottom upon a horizontal block 61. Levels 62 and 63 are mounted upon the block 61 so that the horizontal may be obtained 'Ihese levels are arranved at right angles to eachother as sl1own'inFig.,9, as is customaryv construction.

- The block 61 is fixe'd upon a cup 64 rotativelysupported by a screw 65 upon the top plate 66 ofa tripod 67. Stationary-discs 68 and '69 are fixed upon the top plate 66 and encircle the cup 64. -Themember'69 is split and the w free ends providedwith a clamping screw 70 so;.that'the cup 64:,may b'e'clamped in a stationary position. A scale 71 is arranged upon the topof the member '68 so thatthe measured. I

A means is also providedfor measuring the deviatlons in which the casing 10 is in from '"the horizontalf This imeans is in the form;

ofa sector 72 with a sc'alethereon 73; This sector is attached upon the bottom'otthe casing 10 and worksagainst a stationary scale 7 4 mounted, upon a transverse member 75 beso;

tween the arms 59; c The sc'alereadings 73 and 7 4 maybe turned to obtain the deviation mentioned.

1 I States Letters Patent'is While I have shown and described the pre' ferred embodiment of my inventiom'it. is to be understood that I do not limit'myself to Having thus described my invention; what I claim as new, and desire to secure by United I 1. A distance determ'ininginstrument,com prisln'gaa,tapered casing forming a dark 1 L chamber, a visor in thesmall end of said cas being u provided for through the visor so as to compensate for the ingfa window glass in the large end of said casing and having a vertical and horizontal hair line crossing on the line of the axis of said visor, a pair of shutters in a plane at right angles with said axis to assume positions with adjacent edges on the vertical hair line when viewed through said visor, means for simultaneously moving said shutters apartand togethen'and means for accurately indicating separated positions oisaid shutters for obtaining a factor which is to be multiplied bythewidth of an object viewed through said visor, and measured oil by the positions of said shutters for-obtaining the distance of said objectto saidivisor. 2." A distance determining instrument, comprising tapered casing forming a dark chamber, a visor in the small end of said casing, a window glass in the large end of said casin'g and having a vertical and horizontal hairline crossing; on the line of the axis of said visor, a pair of shutters in aplane at right angles'with said axis to assume positions with "adj acent edges on the vertical hair apart: and together, and means for accurately indicating separated positions of said shuttcrs for obtaining a factor which is to be multiplied by, the width of an object viewed throughsaid visor and measured oil by the positions of said shutters for obtaining the distance of said object to said visor, said casing comprising: a frame composed of a transverse end block,- a transverse end structure, corner strips between these parts, and plates secured down upon the strips; the blocl: and thebox structure;

3. A. distance determining instrument, comprising a tapered casing forming a dark chamber, a-visor in the small end of said casing, a window glass in the large end of said casing and having a vertical and horizontal. hair line crossing on the line of the axis of said visor. a pair of shutters in a plane at right angles with axis to assume positions with adjacent edges on the vertical hair line when viewed through said visor, means for simultaneously moving said shutters apart anc together, and means for accurately indicatingseparated positions of said shut-1 I ters for obtaining; at'actor which is to be multiplied by the width of an object viewed throughisaid visor and measured off by the positions of said shutters for obtaining the d stance of said object to said visor, a means shielding the view viewing oiobjects eliminated to diiierent degrees. I p 4:. A d ance determining instrument comprising a tapered casing: forming a dark chamber, a visor in'the small end or" said casmg, a window glass in the large end ot said casing and having a vertical and horizontal findicatin v ters tor obtaininga factor which is tobe mulvision. i

c said visor, a pairof shuttersin' a plane-at right angles with said-axisto' assume -posi tions-with jadj acent edges on the vertical line when viewed thfrtiugh sa d v sor, means for simultaneously i moving said -shutters apart and together, and means for, accurately g separated positions of said shuttipliedby the width'of-an objectviewed through said visor and, measured oh" by the positions of saidshutters for obtaining the distance of said obj'ejctto said visor, a means being provided for .shlelding the view.

through th visor so as to compensate'for the I viewing of objectsilluminated to different de- 'l grees, said-means being in "the form of am-disc rotatively supported and carrying glass plates colored to different densities, and ad justable to positions in which the glass-plates be individually placed in theiline of" 5,; A {distance determining instrument, comprising atapered. casing forming a dark chamber, a VISOZ' IIl the small end of sald cas ing, a window glass in the large end of said.

casing and having a vertical and horizontal hair line crossing on the line of the axis of said visor, a pair of shutters in a'plane at rightangles with said axis toassume positionswith adjacent edges on, the vertical hair line when viewed through saidvisor, means for simultaneously; moving said shutters apart andtogether, and means for accurately indicating separated; positions of said shutters for obtaining afactorwhichjis to be multiplied-by the width been object viewed, through saidvisor and measured off by the:

positions of said shuttersv for obtaining the distance of said Ob] ect to said visor, said vlsor including a telescope, a 'stemattachedfupon one of the telescopic members and carrying a lens',vand1aknobon said stem located on'the exterior of the casing so that the telescopic" member may be adjusted for'focusing. I v v 6." A distance determining I instrument,

comprising a tapered casing forming a dark chamber, a v1sor 1n the small end of sald casing, a window glassfinlthe large end of said ca'slng and having a. vert cal and liOIlZOIltZl-l iair line crosslng-on the'llne of theaxlsof said visor, a pair of shutters in a plane-at right an'gles'with saidaxis to assume "posii tions with adj acent .edges on thevertical hair line when vzewedjthrojugh said visor,- means for simultaneously 'moving said shutters apart and together,"and-means for'accurately [indicating separated positions of sa1d:sh ut-,

ters for obtaining factor which'is to be.

multiplied by the width of an object viewed through said" visor and measured 'offiby the posit ons otsaid shutters for obtaining the distance of said ob ect to sa d v1sor,sa1d VlSOI' including a telescope, a stem'attached upon one of thetelescoplc members and'carryingt .alens, and a knobon saidstem locatedon the exterior of the casing sothat the telescopic member may be adjusted for focusing, said stem extending through 'saidloasingso that the knob may'be'locatedto the 'exterior, and j comprising a tapered casing forming a dark chamber, a visor in'the smallend of saidcas- 1ng, a'window glass, 1n 'thelargeiend of said casing and having avertical' and-horizontal hair line crossing-on the line ot'theaxisot saidvisor, a pairof shutters in a plane at right angles with said axis to assume positions with adj acent edges on the vertical hair line when viewedthrough said visor, means for simultaneously" moving said f'shutters apart and together, and means-for accurately indicating separatedpositions ot 'said' shutters for obtaining a factor :which. is to be multiplied by the width of an object viewed through said visor andmeasured oil bythe positionsof said shutters for obtaining the distance ofsaid object to said visor, said shutters being slidablymounted so as to be movable as recited. V j

8. A s distance determining instrument, comprising'a tapered casing forming a dark chamber, a'vis'or in the small end of, said casing, a window glass in the large end of said casing and having avertical andhoriz'ontal hair line crossing on the line of the axis of said visor, a-pair of shutters in' a planeat right angles with said axis to assumepositions with viewed through said visor, means for simultai eously moving said shutters'apart mate adjacent edges" on the vertic'al'hair' line when.

tormediwith side win sz-inthej vicinit of t said shutterssolthat the'shutters-may move withinthese wings when fully separated.

9. A distance determining instrument comprising a tapered casing formingadark chamber, a] visor in the small end of said casing, a windowglas'sin the largejendot saidrcasino; and having-"a vertical and horizontalhairline crossing on the line of the jsume' positions withadja'cent edges onthe vertlcal hairline whenviewed through said visor, means for simultaneously?moving said shutters apart and together, and means "for accurately indicating'separated positions of said shutters for obtaini.ngatactor which is .to be multiplied by thewidth'ot an object. viewed through saidvisor andfmeasured' of axis ofsaid visor a pair of shutters in a "plane at rlght angles with-said axis toasof said casing.

isms:

by the positions of said shutters for obtaining the distance of said object to said visor, said means for simultaneously moving said shutters apart and together comprising slidably mounted frames supporting saidshutters, rack teeth in said frames, a pinion engaging said rack teeth and upon a stem connected with a knob disposed on the outside 1O. A- distance determining instrument, comprising a tapered casing forming a dark chamber, a visor in the small end of said casing, a Window glassin the large end of said casing and having a vertical and hori zontal hair line crossing on the line of the axis of'said visor, a pair of shutters in a plane at right angles'ivith said axis to assume positions, with adjacent edges on the vertical hair line'whenviewed through said visor, means for simultaneously moving said shutters apart and together, means for accura'tely indicating separated positions of said shutters for obtaining. a factor which is to be multiplied bythe width of an object viewed through said visor and measured off by the-positions of said shutters for obtaining the, distance ofsaid object to said visor,

" said means for simultaneously moving said shutters apart and together comprisingslidably mounted frames supporting said shutters, rack teeth in said frames, a pinion engaging said rack teeth and upon a stem connected with a knob disposed on the outside of said casing, and means for turning said pinion from the other vicinity of the casing.

11. A distance determining instrument, comprising a tapered casing forming a dark chamber,a visor in the small end of said casing, a window glass in the large end of said'casing and having a vertical and horizontal hair line crossing on the line of the axisof said visor, a pair of shutters in a plane at right angles with said axis to assume positions with adjacent edges on the vertical hair line when viewed through said visor, means for simultaneously moving said shutters apart andtogether, meansfor accurately indicating separated positions of said shutters for obtaining a factor which is to be multiplied by the width of an object viewed through said visor and measured ofi by the positions of'said shutters for obtaining the distance of said object to said visor, said means for simultaneously moving said shutters apart and together comprising slidably mounted frames supporting said shutters, rack teeth in said frames, a pinion engaging said rack teeth and'upon a stem connected with a knob disposed'on the outside of said casing, and means for turning said pinion fromthe other extremity of the casing,com-

prising a transmission-systemengaging with a bevel gear upon said stem at one end, and at the other end being provided with I a knob disposed on the outside of the casing.

12; A-- distancedetermining instrument, comprising atapered casing formlng a dark chamber, avisor in the small end of said casters for obtaining a factor which is to be mul- I tiplied by the width of an object viewed through said visor and measured oli by the positions of said shutters for obtaining the distance of said object to said visor, comprising a scale upon a knob disposed on the outa side of thelcasing and fixed upon a stem carrying a pinion meshing with rack teeth in slides supporting'said shutters. V

13. A distance determining instrument, comprising a tapered casing forminga dark chamber, a-visor in the small end of said casing, a'window glass in'the large end of said casing and having a vertical and horizontal hair line crossingon the line of the axis "of said visor, a pair of shuttersin a plane at rightangles withsaid axis to assume positions with adjacent edges on the vertical hair lineWhen'vie'wed through said visor, means for simultaneously moving said shutters apart and together, and means for accurately indicating separated positions ofsaid shutters for obtaining a factor which is to be multiplied by the Width of an object viewed through said visor and measured ofi by the positions of said shutters for obtaining the distance of said object to said visor, comprising a scale upona knob disposed on the outside of the casing and'fixed upon a stem carrying a pinion meshing with rack teeth in slides supporting said shutters, and a Vernier for more accurately reading said scale.

14. A o distance determining instrument, comprising a tapered casing forming a dark chamber, a visor in the small end of said casing, a window glass in the large end of said casing and having a vertical and horizontal hair line crossing on the line of the axis of said visor, a pair of shutters in a plane at right angles with said axis to assume positions with adjacent edges on the vertical hair line when viewed through said to be multiplied bythe width of an object viewed through said visor and measured off by the positions of said shutters for obtaining the distance of said object to said visor,

comprising a scale upon a knob disposed on the outside of the casing and fixed upon a 

